Orientation polarization

If there is no field, the disorder caused by the material's temperature in a polar substance induces that the dipole \left\langle \vec p \right\rangle is equal to zero. However, under the field's effect, the potential energy tends to minimize, the dipole will orient to the field's direction and create a microscopic dipole moment.

Formula

Potential energy : \varepsilon= - \vec p\cdot \vec E where p is the dipolar momentum and E an external electric field.